Van Helsing 2 : Redemption - Original Trailer

I chose this film because it incorporated Frankenstein, Dracula and many elements of a Gothic scenario Like:Darkness,mystery,gargoyles,vampires,castles.all of this elements are such a great combination for an excellent Gothic movie.

In 1861, Doctor Richard Gatling patented the Gatling Gun, a six-barreled weapon capable of firing a (then) phenomenal 200 rounds per minute. The Gatling gun was a hand-driven, crank-operated, multi-barrel, machine gun. The first machine gun with reliable loading, the Gatling gun had the ability to fire sustained multiple bursts.
Richard Gatling created his gun during the American Civil War, he sincerely believed that his invention would end war by making it unthinkable to use due to the horrific carnage possible by his weapons. At the least, the Gatling Gun's power would reduce the number of soldiers required to remain on the battlefield.
The 1862 version of the gatling gun had reloadable steel chambers and used percussion caps. It was prone to occasional jamming. In 1867, Gatling redesigned the Gatling gun again to use metallic cartridges - this version was bought and used by the United States Army.
World power is very charming for everybody. Everybody wants to role over the world just like victor wanted to. All these people invent the machines to be the most powerful person in the world and end up harming the world with his invention.
http://inventors.about.com/od/gstartinventions/a/Gatling_Gun.htm


Humaira Mushtaq

Invention of the postage stamp

Before the use of adhesive paper stamps, letters were hand stamped or postmarked with ink. Postmarks were the invention of Henry Bishop and were at first called 'Bishop mark' after the inventor. Bishop marks were first used in 1661 at the London General Post Office. They marked the day and month the letter was mailed.
The first issued postage stamp began with Great Britain's Penny Post. On May 6, 1840, the British Penny Black stamp was released. The Penny Black was engraved the profile of Queen Victoria's head, who remained on all British stamps for the next sixty years. Rowland Hill created the first stamp.
A schoolmaster from England, Rowland Hill invented the adhesive postage stamp in 1837, an act for which he was knighted. Through his efforts the first stamp in the world was issued in England in 1840. Roland Hill also created the first uniform postage rates that were based on weight rather than size. Hill's stamps made the prepayment of mail postage possible and practical.
Walton, a captain of a ship, told the victor’s story in a series of letters to his sister. These letters could not reach Walton’s sister without the postal services and the postal stamps.
http://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/postage_stamps.htm


Humaira Mushtaq

The invention of first electric light

Humphry Davy, an English chemist, invented the first electric light in 1809. Davy connected two wires to a battery and attached a charcoal strip betwween the other ends of the wires. The charged carbon glowed making the first arc lamp. Victor used electricity create the monster to get power and role over the world. On the other hand Humphry Davy use electricity to benefit the world and created the first electric light.
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bllight2.htm


Humaira Mushtaq

Matrix

In the movie The Matrix, the few people left in the world are at war with machines. Man made machines and they started to take over. This is like Frankenstein because its all about tecnology getting out of hand. Dr. Frankenstein invisioned his creation as something great like the humans in The Matrix. But his creation ended up ruined his life and changed it forever.

Ronald

Roswell

In the show Roswell, 4 aliens are left to be born on earth. They have no idea why they were abandond on earth. They didn't know were they from why they were here, or how to use there powers. They couldn't remember anything about their home planet. They searched for answers. This is like the monster because he was abandond and did not know how to do anything. He didn't know where he came from, who created him and later didn't understand why he was created. He was determind to find out.

Ron

Percy Jackson

Percy is a kid but his father is Posiden [greek God of the sea]. The 3 major gods are not suppose to have kids because they are to powerful. Percy is the demi god in the world who is forbidden. No one will be freinds of him or trust him. He is a good person, loyal and brave but know one will give him a chance until another demigod of the big three comes up. This is just like the monster in Frankenstein because the monster is the olny one and is wants a companion that is just like him. No one will get to know the monster because hes different jusy like percy. The monster had a good heart but no one will get to know him.

Ronnie

According to http://www.emotioncards.com/ John Callcott Horsley an English painter invented the first greeting Christmas card. Horlsey made the card for his friend as a favor. He had no knowledge that the card would soon turn into a big discovery. Everyone started to order cards which open Horsey invention into a huge economic business.

-Elaine Punch =)

Vaccination

According to www.zephyrus.com.uk/edwardjenner.html an English man namedEdward Jenner discovered vaccination for small pox. Jenner believe that cowpix gave off the immunity of smallpox and if this vacccination was giving to people it would lessing their chances of death. This vaccination saved many helpless lives and nine years later a medical doctor picked his discovery up and brought it into a hospital.

-Elaine Punch =)

MatchEs

According to wikipedia.com John walker was the first English chemist who invented friction matches.He made a mistake and mixed potassium chlorate, gum , starch and anitmony sulfide providing friction. He believed that he can spark a fire any where as long as there was friction and the few chemical he had.Matches was first sold in april of 1827.

-Elaine Punch =)

Medical science established

The human body and the medical field was an area of science that was not so clearly established/formed. Scientists focused on inventions to make everyday life easier, but sickness and injury was treated with traditional ways.

"Despite the exciting advances that took place in science and medicine in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it was only in the nineteenth century that medicine itself became scientific. This was largely the result of the integration of the natural sciences into medical theory. During the eighteenth century the foundations of scientific medicine were first established."

(http://www.bookrags.com/research/overview-medicine-1800-1899-scit-051234/)

Since the human body was an unknown field, Mary Shelley made a good choice by experimenting with it. She gives Dr.Frankenstein such an ambition and passion towards a field of science that is waiting for a revolutionary movement to happen. It just so happens that he was the initiator of the major movement in the medical/human body field.
-Michael

science advances

The 1800s was a fast paced time in science, new inventions and new ideas and new possibilities. With all the inventions that were being made, anything was possible. Scientists challenged the laws of gravity, physics, nature, and life. There was no such thing as a bad idea. If it was new and revolutionary, any scientist would try to accomplish it.

"The 19th century was the age of machine tools - tools that made tools - machines that made parts for other machines, including interchangeable parts. The assembly line was invented during the 19th century, speeding up the factory production of consumer goods.

The 19th century gave birth to the professional scientist, the word scientist was first used in 1833 by William Whewell. Inventors began to design practical internal combustion engines. The lightbulb, telephone, typewriter, sewing machine, all came of age during the 19th century."

(http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/Nineteenth.htm)

Mary Shelley very fittingly made the possibility of the creation being created in this era, because new inventions were taking the world by storm. Anything was possible.

-Michael

In 1779 Samuel Crompton invented the spinning mule that combined the moving carriage of the spinning jenny with the rollers of the water frame. The spinning mule gave the spinner great control over the weaving process alot of different types of yarn could be produced.
-Vinicios Santos

science as a profession

Mary Shelley gave Frankenstein such a powerful interest for science. His powerful interest lead him into studying more into the field. Frankenstein had every intention of turning science into his profession. Very fittingly, science was becoming such a new and big field that had many varieties and possible titles as professions in the 1800s.

"The 19th century saw the birth of science as a profession; the term scientist was coined in 1833 by William Whewell^[9]. Among the most influential ideas of the 19th century were those of Charles Darwin, who in 1859 published the book The Origin of Species, which introduced the idea of evolution by natural selection. Louis Pasteur made the first vaccine against rabies, and also made many discoveries in the field of chemistry, including the asymmetry of crystals. Thomas Alva Edison gave the world a practical everyday lightbulb. Karl Weierstrass and other mathematicians also carried out the arithmetization of analysis. But the most important step in science at this time was the ideas formulated by Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell. Their work changed the face of physics and made possible for new technology to come about."

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century)

-Michael

Breakthrough in physics

In addition to the new-found theory of Galvanism in the 1800s, new breakthroughs within electricity impacted the scientific world. Two main scientists that strongly contributed to this impact were James Clerk Maxwell and Michael Faraday. Both were excellent scientists in their field of physics, and in further detail, electricity and magnetic electricity.

"James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish^[1] theoretical physicist and mathematician. His most important achievement was classical electromagnetic theory, synthesizing all previously unrelated observations, experiments and equations of electricity, magnetism and even optics into a consistent theory.^[2] His set of equations—Maxwell's equations—demonstrated that electricity, magnetism and even light are all manifestations of the same phenomenon: the electromagnetic field. From that moment on, all other classic laws or equations of these disciplines became simplified cases of Maxwell's equations. Maxwell's work in electromagnetism has been called the "second great unification in physics",^[3] after the first one carried out by Isaac Newton.

Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic fields travel through space in the form of waves, and at the constant speed of light. Finally, in 1864 Maxwell wrote "A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field", where he first proposed that light was in fact undulations in the same medium that is the cause of electric and magnetic phenomena.^[4] His work in producing a unified model of electromagnetism is considered to be one of the greatest advances in physics."

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell)

"

Michael Faraday, FRS (22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English chemist and physicist (or natural philosopher, in the terminology of the time) who contributed to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.

Faraday studied the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a DC electric current, and established the basis for the electromagnetic field concept in physics. He discovered electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and laws of electrolysis. He established that magnetism could affect rays of light and that there was an underlying relationship between the two phenomena.^[1][2] His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became viable for use in technology."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday)

Since Mary Shelley used the very believable idea of electricity to give birth to Frankenstein's creation, the new impact of electricity and electromagnetic fields is very fitting as an influence for the book.

-Michael

X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Konrad von Roentgen (1845-1923). Roentgen was a German physicist who described this new form of radiation that allowed him to photograph objects that were hidden behind opaque shields. He even photographed part of his own skeleton. X-rays were soon used as an important diagnostic tool in medicine. Roentgen called these waves "X-radiation" because so little was known about them.

like all other scientist frankenstien also did the experiment, and in the result of that experiment, he got a monster. Before the creation of monster he was so pleased to have a a companion with him, but when the monster he created started disturb him, then it was the most horrible fact of what he crerated unlike other scientists.

An electromagnet is a device in which magnetism is produced by an electric current.
British electrician, William Sturgeon invented the electromagnet in 1825. The first electromagnet was a horseshoe-shaped piece of iron that was wrapped with a loosely wound coil of several turns. When a current was passed through the coil; the electromagnet became magnetized and when the current was stopped the coil was de-magnetized.

www.answers.com/topic/industrial-revolution

www.answers.com/topic/industrial-revolution states that the cotton Gin machine was invented by an american inventor and engineer named Eli Whitney. He invented it in 1794 to make it easier in the industrial factories. It was made to remove seeds off cotton with a machine instead of removing them manually, making it less labor but more efficent.


-Elaine Punch

www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Bell_(engineer) explains how Henry Bell invented the first successful passenger steam-powered boat in 1812. It was built in Europe whicn it sailed Greenock and Scotland along a river called Clyde. The boat name was Comet and it was the beginning of a revolution in navigation. It held about 25 tons and ran off a engine with three horse power. This boat went seven miles per hour.


-Elaine Punch =)

http://ohioline.osu.edu/cd-fact/0133.html

Researchers of http://ohioline.osu.edu/cd-fact/0133.html defines Peter Durand as a Englishman who invented the metal canister (1810)in order to preserve food. It was used to store and make food last longer. It was invented for armies to use during wars and stays in the winter so that they prevent killing and warefare. To open the metal can a person would have to use a hammer or a chistle.



Elaine Punch =)

Galvanism in the 1800s

"One difference between the 1818 and 1831 editions of the text involves galvanism, or the use of electricity to stimulate nerve impulses. Mary was aware of Galvani's discovery. Luigi Galvani (1737-1798) proposed that electricity flows through nerves. Galvani showed that stimulation of a frog's nerve causes contraction of the muscle to which it is attached (1791). The scientific community was excited by the potential use of this new force and research was conducted throughout Europe on the application of electricity to induce and sustain life. "

(http://www.clas.ufl.edu/ipsa/2003/ginn.html)



Galvanism was used in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley to give life to the creature and is also the solid form of science built upon the science fiction within the story. It is only evident that Mary Shelley use this new found experiment, seeing as it was a popular topic back then and very relevant to her story.

-Michael Nazares

The evolutionary study of embryos reached a peak in the late 1800s thanks primarily to the efforts of one extraordinarily gifted, though not entirely honest, scientist named Ernst Haeckel (left). Haeckel was a champion of Darwin, but he also embraced the pre-Darwinian notion that life formed a series of successively higher forms, with embryos of higher forms "recapitulating" the lower ones. Haeckel believed that, over the course of time, evolution added new stages to produce new life forms. Thus, embryonic development was actually a record of evolutionary history.
As the creation of a man is like a series of steps, that can be shown from the above quote of a scientist, but Vector didn`t go from all the steps. He create something just with the reactioons of different chemical, and these reaction was isolated from the others, but with the creation of that thing, thhat was not a man but was Monster who made Vector to be sad and worry on him. The process of craetion of man was not natural, so the result he got was also not natural, which make him feel bad stressed.

scientists in the 1800

In the 1800s, many inventions were created and science was taken to all new levels of achievement. Many experiments and inventions were made to exhibit science in its finest form. The voltaic cell was invented in 1800 by Alessandro Volta, the first steam powered pumping station in 1801, the dry cell battery by Johann Wilhelm Ritter, who also discovered ultraviolet radiation...etc. Just as all these scientists tried to perform the perfect experiment or create the perfect invention, Victor made his perfect experiment which was the monster. However, Victor was not proud of his creation after seeing its hideous appearance. All these scientists including Victor went through rejections from peers and isolation in order to accomplish their invention or experiment.






-Michael Nazares

1800, A Scientific Revolution Century

In 1800, known as the 19th century, there was not only industrial revolution but it had scientific revolution too. First time ever people adopted the science as profession. There were inventors everywhere who wanted to be popular or rich or gain power by some new invention as we can see in Frankenstein that victor discovered the secret of life and creates an intelligent but bizarre monster to gain power.

www.welshminerslamps.com/info_lamp_history.shtml states that In 1815 a guy by the name of Davy Humphry invents a Miner Safety Lamp for the usee of coal mines. He discovered a way that this lamp with many flammable gases can be around while in the coal mine. He placed a metal gauze around the flame in order to separate the heat from the flame to make the ignition temperature of methane be lower.

ELaiNe PunCh =)

frankenstein, science in the 1800's

"Welcome to the 1800's! The Industrial Revolution has begun and the world is growing and changing every year. Europe carves up the globe into little pieces of economic pie, the United States cries “Westward Ho!” and Civil War breaks out between the North and the South. Human rights, the abolition movement, women's rights and child labor laws are all hot issues of the day. Europe and it’s children are bursting with vigor, ambition and industry while the rest of the world struggles to survive against them." (http://www.oakhillclothiers.com/Catalog/1800s/tabid/666/Default.aspx)



According to wikipedia "The year Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein, the scientific inventions of industrial revolution was on its way to impact the world. However, Mary Shelley believed that the industrial revolution was taking over the world and it would only lead to harm." She thought the the revolution was becoming too powerful, and she thought science would be so ahead of its time that scientists would lose control. I believe this reflects in Frankenstein because victor tries to use science for issues far greater than any possible experiment. He tries to take human life into his own hands with the use of electricity and science.
And it eventually becomes too much for him to handle. He eventually loses control of science, just as how Shelley thought society would lose control of science during the revolution.


-Michael Nazares

Scientist Robert Stirling invented the hot air engine in 1816, well know as the regenerator. Hot air engine uses the growth and shorting of air under the power of a temperature change to change thermal energy into mechanical work. Today many hot air engines are named after Stiriling - Vinicios Santos